Laser printing process: During the fusing stage of a laser printer, how is toner affixed to the paper?

Introduction / Context:
Understanding the seven-step laser printing process helps pinpoint faults and explains consumable wear. Fusing is the final stage where the toner image becomes permanent on the sheet.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Toner is a thermoplastic powder with pigments.
• A heated fuser roller and a pressure roller form the fusing assembly.
• The question asks how toner is finally attached to paper.

Concept / Approach:
In the fusing stage, heat softens the thermoplastic toner while pressure presses it into the paper fibers. This combination melts and embeds the toner, creating a durable bond. Electrical bonding describes earlier stages (charging/transfer), not the mechanical/thermal fixing. Glue is not used, and toner is not sprayed at high pressure in fusing.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Unfused images (before fuser) can be smudged by touch; after proper fusing, rubbing does not smear. Service temperatures and fuser sleeve design confirm the melt process.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Dry pressed lacks heat; electrically bonded is inaccurate at this stage; glued and sprayed do not describe laser printing mechanics.

Common Pitfalls:
Associating transfer corona action with fusing, or misdiagnosing fuser failure when the problem is actually low toner or humidity.

Final Answer:
melted into the paper