Digital signal processors (DSPs): A DSP must be programmed (via firmware or software) to perform specific signal-processing tasks such as filtering, FFT, or control algorithms. Assess this requirement.

Introduction / Context:
A digital signal processor is a programmable engine designed to execute math-intensive operations efficiently. Unlike hardwired logic, a DSP requires code to define its behavior, making programmability central to its utility.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The DSP includes arithmetic units (MAC, multiplier, shifters) and specialized addressing modes.
• Applications vary widely: audio processing, communications, motor control, and sensing.
• Without firmware, the DSP does not perform a useful, application-specific function.

Concept / Approach:
Program code implements algorithms (IIR/FIR filters, FFT, PID control). The same silicon can be repurposed for different tasks simply by changing firmware, which is exactly why DSPs are powerful in diverse markets.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the task (e.g., low-pass filter).Develop or import algorithm code optimized for the DSP architecture.Compile/flash the firmware and verify real-time behavior with test vectors.

Verification / Alternative check:
Demonstrations often swap DSP roles by reprogramming: the same chip can process speech one day and motor control the next, validating the programming requirement.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Fixed- vs floating-point does not change the need to program. An RTOS is optional. Hardware accelerators aid performance but still need top-level code to orchestrate data flow.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming a DSP performs tasks “by default”—it must be instructed via software.

Final Answer:
Correct