Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: Only I follows
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
We have two universal inclusions and two existentials. The key is spotting what must pass through the universal links, versus overlaps that are merely optional.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Because all Boxes are Sticks, any particular Gem that is a Box is also a Stick. Hence “Some Sticks are Gems” is forced. Claims involving Dolls require existential import for Dolls or a specified overlap that does not exist in the premises.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) From “Some Gems are Boxes,” pick g1 ∈ Gems ∩ Boxes.2) From “All Boxes are Sticks,” g1 ∈ Sticks, so Sticks ∩ Gems ≠ ∅ ⇒ Conclusion I holds.3) Conclusion II needs Toys ∩ Gems to specifically include Dolls; not guaranteed.4) Conclusion III would require Dolls to reach Boxes; not given.5) Conclusion IV (“Some Toys are Dolls”) needs existence of Dolls. “All Dolls are Toys” does not assert that any Doll actually exists.
Verification / Alternative check:
Model Dolls = ∅; Toys contain some non-doll elements overlapping Gems; Gems include a Box. Then I is true and II–IV fail.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They rely on existential import for Dolls or unstated overlaps.
Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “All A are B” implies “Some A exist.” It does not.
Final Answer:
Only I follows.
Discussion & Comments