Type of canal used to divert flood water directly from rivers during high stages (without storage): identify the most appropriate term.

Introduction / Context:
Canal classification depends on the source and regulation of supply. Some canals tap regulated storage, while others draw water opportunistically during floods. Understanding these distinctions guides planning, command area reliability, and protection works.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• No mention of storage regulation or perennial releases.
• Water is diverted during flood/high river stages.
• Direct offtake from river through a head regulator.

Concept / Approach:

An inundation canal takes water only when the river is in flood or high stage, often without a permanent weir or with a simple diversion structure. Historically common in monsoon-fed rivers, they provide seasonal irrigation and require careful silt management.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Textbook definitions consistently name flood-season canals as “inundation canals”.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Ridge/contour are geometric terms; perennial canals have controlled storage releases; generic “lined supply canal” does not describe flood-only diversion.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing alignment-based names with source-based names; assuming all canals with river intakes are perennial.

Final Answer:

Inundation canal