Irrigation Questions

• Inverted siphon head loss components (canal works): In Unwin’s formula for head loss through an inverted siphon barrel, the named factor primarily represents which type of head loss?
• Canal freeboard definition: The vertical difference between the canal bank top and the design supply water level is called what?
• River training groynes (spurs): As commonly built for guiding and defending riverbanks, groynes are aligned in which orientations?
• For the conditions enumerated to provide a crossing at C1 You will probably provide
• Side slopes generally kept for canals in loam soil, are :
• Composite canal section: For a triangular lined canal with a circular bottom of radius R, where the straight sides make an angle θ with the horizontal, what is the wetted perimeter P?
• When are river-training works required? Identify the regimes that commonly necessitate groynes, guide bunds, spurs, or similar measures.
• Definition of meander length in river engineering: The length of a meander is the distance measured along the river between the tangent point of one curve and the tangent point of which subsequent curve?
• Diversion head works in canal engineering — identify the primary function of a river diversion headworks constructed at the canal offtake (choose the most appropriate main purpose while other roles may be secondary).
• Canal–drainage intersection at the same level — name the cross-drainage work used when a canal and a natural drain meet at approximately the same bed level.
• If B and d are the bed width and depth of a channel in metres, the combined losses due to evaporation and seepage in cumecs per kilometre length of the channel, is
• Effect of levees on river floods — as per G. W. Pickels, confining floodwaters between levees primarily tends to increase which hydraulic outcome during floods?
• Field application methods in surface irrigation — identify the incorrect statement among free flooding, check irrigation, and furrow irrigation descriptions.
• Canal offtake level setting — the Full Supply Level (FSL) of a canal at its head relative to the parent channel is generally kept:
• Design approach for major canal structures on pervious foundations — which analytical method is generally preferred for weirs/barrages and similar works?
• Capillary fringe relative to the water table — the top of the capillary zone (capillary fringe) typically:
• Duty of canal water — select the correct set of statements about definition, location for calculation, and outlet factor in irrigation practice.
• Smooth entry alignment — the recommended angle between the head regulator axis and the direction of river flow for a canal offtake is generally kept close to:
• Modules and outlets in canal irrigation: Identify the correct statements about flexibility, proportionality setting, and rigidity for canal outlets (modules).
• Definition in canal irrigation management: What does the “intensity of irrigation” quantify for a command area?