In a distributed network topology, which configuration routes all data and control traffic through a single central computer or hub?

Introduction / Context:
Network topology describes how nodes connect and how data flows. Recognizing the characteristics of common topologies is essential for designing, troubleshooting, and optimizing local networks. A topology with a central node through which all traffic passes has distinct advantages and failure modes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question asks for a configuration where a central device is the hub of all communication.
• We consider logical/physical topologies typical of LANs.
• Examples include star, bus, ring, and point-to-point.

Concept / Approach:
In a star topology, all nodes connect to a central hub/switch. Every frame passes through this center, which can filter, forward, or broadcast frames as needed. This contrasts with bus (a shared backbone), ring (token/round-robin path), and point-to-point (a single dedicated link) topologies.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Observe typical Ethernet with a central switch: end stations plug into a switch in a hub-and-spoke pattern—functionally a star. Removing the switch disrupts all communications, illustrating dependency on the center.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Bus: All nodes tap into the same backbone; no central router for each exchange.
• Ring: Traffic circulates around the ring; not through a single central node.
• Point-to-point: Only two endpoints; no central hub at all.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing logical and physical topologies; for example, logical rings running over a physical star (FDDI/Token Ring with MAUs) still do not route via a single centralized computer.

Final Answer:
star network