5. Top-down design means that we start at the highest level of the hierarchy, or that the entire project is considered to exist in a closed dark box with inputs and outputs.
7. In the digital clock project, when it is 11:59:59, AND gate 1 detects that the tens of hours is 1 and the edge trigger clock moves the display to 12:00:00.
9. In the frequency counter, a pulse shaper block is needed to ensure that the unknown signal, whose frequency is to be measured, will be compatible with the clock input for the counter block.
10. The frequency counter measures frequency by enabling a counter to count the number of pulses of the incoming waveform during a precisely specified period of time called the sampling time.