4. An axial loaded column is supported on a slab base whose projection is 8 cm. If the intensity of pressure from concrete is 40 kg/cm2 and allowable bending stress in slab base is 1890 kg/cm2, the thickness (t) of the slab base, is
8. A long plate girder is subjected to a maximum bending moment M in which permitted allowable bending stress is fb. The economical depth de and the thickness of the web tw, is given by