Programmable Array Logic (PAL): After a PAL device has been programmed (fuses blown to set the logic), which of the following statements is generally true for standard one-time programmable PALs?

Introduction / Context:
PALs (Programmable Array Logic) were among the earliest widely used programmable logic devices. Understanding their programming model and limitations is important for historical context and for interpreting legacy designs that predate modern CPLDs and FPGAs.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Standard PALs use fuse-link technology for programming.
• Programming is typically one-time; blowing fuses configures the logic.
• We are not considering erasable/flash variants such as GALs or CPLDs.

Concept / Approach:
In classic PALs, the AND array is programmable and the OR array may be fixed. Programming physically opens fuse links to implement the desired product terms. Once a fuse is blown, the change is permanent, and the device cannot be returned to an unprogrammed state or reconfigured to a new logic function. This permanence differentiates OTP PALs from reprogrammable GALs and modern flash-based logic.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Program the PAL by applying programming waveforms that selectively blow fuses.The resulting connections define the sum-of-products logic realized internally.Because fuse links are physically destroyed, they cannot be restored.Therefore, the device is one-time programmable and not reprogrammable.

Verification / Alternative check:
Datasheets for classic PAL families (e.g., PAL16L8, PAL20R8) clearly state OTP behavior. Service manuals often recommend keeping spare unprogrammed parts because re-use is impossible once programmed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Outputs only active HIGH/LOW: PAL outputs can typically be configured for active-high or active-low depending on macrocell and fuses.Logic capacity is lost: programming uses the capacity; it is not lost—just fixed.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing PAL (OTP) with GAL/CPLD (erasable/flash). Always check the specific device family to know whether reprogramming is supported.

Final Answer:
it cannot be reprogrammed.