Statement: Financial stringency prevented the State Government from paying salaries to its employees since April this year.

Courses of Action:

1. The State Government should immediately curtail the staff strength at least by 30%.
2. The State Government should reduce wasteful expenditure and arrange to pay the salaries of its employees.

Clearly, the situation demands finding out the real culprits first. So, only I follow.

The situation can be tackled by periodic cuts in supply, and urging people to conserve water. So both the courses follow.

The situation demands first diverting other trains to different routes so as to avert any accident, and then clearing the tracks as soon as possible. Thus, both the courses follow.

Clearly, war is the last resort. First, peaceful talks and negotiations should be indulged in, to settle the issues of dispute. So, only course II follows.

The problem is that despite an increase in staff strength, the Institute has failed in its objective of implementing its plan. So, either there should be reasons for the lackening or the plans are a failure and must be revised for practical implementation. Thus, both the courses follow.

Doing away with cinema halls is no solution. Hence, none of the courses follows. Instead, certain incentives and promotional schemes should be awarded to cinema hall owners so that they could manage to draw in crowds.

The step discussed in the statement would surely give a boost to hardware industry and help our country to stand apart in this field. Thus, only I follows.

The passage discusses the relationship between individual goals and organisational goals, emphasizing that employee work motivation links these two. Here's the analysis of the options based on the passage:

1. Option A - encourages an individual to give priority to personal goals over organisational goals:
   • The passage suggests that personal goals and organisational goals are interdependent, and individuals contribute to organisational goals as a means to achieve their personal goals. However, it does not explicitly state that personal goals should take priority over organisational goals.
   • This option is not fully supported by the passage.
2. Option B - is crucial for the survival of an individual and organisation:
   • The passage implies that motivation is important for achieving both personal and organisational goals, but it does not directly state that motivation is "crucial for survival" in a general sense.
   • This option is partially supported but not entirely in line with the passage's focus.
3. Option C - is the product of an individual's physical and mental energy:
   • The passage does not mention that motivation is a product of physical and mental energy. Instead, it talks about motivation as a driving force for achieving goals.
   • This option is not supported by the passage.
4. Option D - is the external force which induces an individual to contribute his efforts:
   • The passage discusses motivation in terms of personal goals being linked to organisational objectives. While motivation is an internal force, the passage does not describe it as an "external force" inducing efforts.
   • This option is not fully supported by the passage.
5. Option E - makes organisation and society inseparable:
   • The passage does not discuss the relationship between organisation and society, so this option is not relevant to the passage.
   • This option is not supported by the passage.
6. Final Answer:
   • The most suitable option based on the passage is B. is crucial for the survival of an individual and organisation.

The passage discusses the lucrative nature of smuggling, the vast coastline of India, and the enforcement authorities' attempts to curb smuggling, but it also highlights that smugglers continue to make huge profits despite these efforts. Here's the analysis of the options based on the passage:

1. Option A - smuggling hampers the economic development of a nation:
   • The passage does not specifically discuss the impact of smuggling on the economic development of the nation. It focuses on the profits involved and the efforts to curb smuggling, but it does not mention the broader economic consequences.
   • This option is not directly supported by the passage.
2. Option B - smuggling ought to be curbed:
   • While the passage indicates that the authorities are making some efforts to curb smuggling, it does not explicitly state that smuggling "ought to be curbed." The focus is more on the smuggling activities and profits, rather than on a recommendation or statement about curbing it.
   • This option is partially supported, but not the strongest answer.
3. Option C - authorities are taking strict measures to curb smuggling:
   • The passage mentions that there have been seizures made by enforcement authorities during raids and ambushes. However, it also states that despite these efforts, smugglers are still making huge profits, implying that these efforts may not be fully effective.
   • This option is partially supported but not fully aligned with the passage's description of the authorities' efforts.
4. Option D - smuggling is fast increasing in our country owing to the quick profit it entails:
   • The passage emphasizes the enormous profits involved in smuggling and the attraction it holds for individuals, with some becoming millionaires overnight. It also points out the ongoing smuggling activities despite the enforcement efforts, which suggests that smuggling is increasing due to the quick profits it brings.
   • This option is strongly supported by the passage.
5. Final Answer:
   • The best supported statement by the passage is D. smuggling is fast increasing in our country owing to the quick profit it entails.

The passage discusses the large waste of time and expenditure on fashions, yet acknowledges that fashions are here to stay. It then suggests that efforts should be made to reduce the excessive craze for fashion among youngsters. Here's the analysis of the options based on the passage:

1. Option A - fashion is the need of the day:
   • The passage does not state that fashion is the need of the day. It talks about how fashion has become a part of life, but it also highlights the excessive craze and the need to curb it among youngsters.
   • This option is not supported by the passage.
2. Option B - the excessive craze for fashion is detrimental to one's personality:
   • While the passage mentions the excessive craze for fashion, it doesn't explicitly say that it is detrimental to one's personality. It focuses more on the need to displace the craze, rather than its impact on personality.
   • This option is not directly supported by the passage, though it aligns with the general idea of curbing excessive obsession with fashion.
3. Option C - the hoard for fashion should be done away with so as not to let down the constructive development:
   • The passage suggests that strong efforts should be made to reduce the craze for fashion, implying that such efforts are necessary for the constructive development of youngsters, though it doesn't explicitly mention "hoard" or "let down constructive development." It focuses on displacing the excessive craze.
   • This option is partially supported, as it closely aligns with the passage's idea of reducing the craze for fashion.
4. Option D - work and other activities should be valued more than the outward appearance:
   • The passage does not explicitly mention that work and other activities should be valued over outward appearance. However, the focus on curbing the excessive fashion craze implies that there should be a shift towards more meaningful pursuits.
   • This option is implied but not directly stated in the passage.
5. Final Answer:
   • The most supported statement by the passage is C. the hoard for fashion should be done away with so as not to let down the constructive development.