Explanation: 50 hosts require 6 bits of the last octet giving us 64 -2 = 62 possible hosts this satisfies our requirement and leaves us 2 bits over for the subnets. The default mask is /24 or 255.255.255.0 adding the 2 bits for the subnets it becomes 255.255.255.192 or /26
Explanation: The requirement of having to allocate 500 hosts on each subnet can be achieved by the following: 2^9 = 512. So deducting the broadcast and network address we have 510 possible hosts on each subnet. We used 9 bits to allocate the hosts, this leaves us 7 bits for possible subnets. Those 7 bits in binary is 1111 1110 or 254 in decimal.
The encapsulation method is data, segment, packet, frame, bit.
The Session layer of the OSI model offers three different modes of communication : Simplex, half duplex, and full duplex.
A receiving host can control the transmitter by using flow control ( TCP uses windowing by default). By decreasing the window size, the receiving host can slow down the transmitting host so the receiving host does not overflow its buffers.
A transmission to the MAC address ff : ff : ff : ff : ff : ff is a broadcast transmission to all stations.
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