If you have a serial port configured with multiple DLCIs connected to multiple remote sites, split horizon rules stop route updates received on an interface from being sent out the same interface. By creating subinterfaces for each PVC, you can avoid the split horizon issues when using Frame Relay.
If you have a Cisco router on one side of a Frame Relay network and a non-Cisco router on the otherside, you would need to use the Frame Relay encapsulation type of IETF. The default is Cisco encapsulation, which means that a Cisco router must be on both sides of the Frame Relay PVC.
The loop back address with IPv4 is 127.0.0.1 . With IPv6, that address is ::1
Explanation: The requirement of having to allocate 500 hosts on each subnet can be achieved by the following: 2^9 = 512. So deducting the broadcast and network address we have 510 possible hosts on each subnet. We used 9 bits to allocate the hosts, this leaves us 7 bits for possible subnets. Those 7 bits in binary is 1111 1110 or 254 in decimal.
Explanation: 50 hosts require 6 bits of the last octet giving us 64 -2 = 62 possible hosts this satisfies our requirement and leaves us 2 bits over for the subnets. The default mask is /24 or 255.255.255.0 adding the 2 bits for the subnets it becomes 255.255.255.192 or /26
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