You must be able to take a binary number and convert it into both decimal and hexadecimal. To convert to decimal, just add up the 1s using their values. The values that are turned on with the binary number of 10110111 are 128+32+16+4+2+1=183. To get the hexadecimal equivalent, you need to break the eight binary digits into nibbles (4 bits), 1011 and 0111. By adding up these values, you get 11 and 7. In hexadecimal, 11 is B, so the answer is 0xB7.
To connect to a router or switch console port, you would use an RJ45 UTP rolled cable.
Both FTP and Telnet use TCP at the Transport layer; however, they both are Application layer protocols, so the Application layer is the best answer for this question.
The four layers of the DoD model are Application/process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network Access. The Internet layer is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model.
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