Definition check – Strain components in uniaxial loading The deformation of a bar per unit original length measured along the direction of the applied force is called what?

Introduction / Context:Clear definitions of strain components are foundational in strength of materials and elasticity. Linear (axial) strain quantifies elongation or shortening along the load direction.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Small deformations; engineering strain definition.
• Uniaxial loading scenario for clarity.

Concept / Approach:Linear strain ε_longitudinal = ΔL / L. Lateral strain is the contraction/expansion perpendicular to load. Volumetric strain is the sum of principal strains (approx. ΔV/V). Shear strain is the change in right angle (distortion) measured as an angle in radians.

Step-by-Step Clarification:Identify the direction: along applied force → longitudinal.Apply definition: ε = change in length / original length.Hence it is linear (longitudinal) strain.

Verification / Alternative check:Consistency with Hooke’s law: σ = E * ε_longitudinal in uniaxial tension/compression.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:Lateral strain is transverse; volumetric includes all directions; shear strain is angular distortion; “Poisson strain” is not a standard term for the primary definition.

Common Pitfalls:Mixing up lateral and linear strain, especially when discussing Poisson’s ratio.

Final Answer:Linear strain