In object data models, which of the following qualifies as an atomic literal type? Select the most comprehensive correct choice.

Introduction / Context:Atomic literals are indivisible values used as attribute domains and query constants. Typical atomic types mirror programming language primitives and common scalar types supported by the database engine.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are considering scalar, non-collection types.
• Examples span text, numeric, and logical domains.
• Object identifiers and collections are excluded.

Concept / Approach:

Strings (text), Boolean (true/false), and Long (integral numeric) are all canonical atomic literal types. They serve as attribute types and constants in queries and constraints, independent of object identity and relationships.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

ODMG/ODL examples include attributes of types string, boolean, and integral numeric variants.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Each single choice is correct but incomplete; only “All of the above” captures the full set presented.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing object identifiers (OIDs) with atomic values; treating collections as atomics.

Final Answer:

All of the above.