Which statement best describes a Database Management System (DBMS) compared with simple record/file management utilities?

Introduction / Context:
A Database Management System (DBMS) generalizes storage beyond flat files by offering schema, query languages, integrity, security, and concurrency controls. This question compares a DBMS to simple record or file management.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Record management is limited to basic file CRUD.
• A DBMS provides higher-level services and multi-file relationships.
• We are selecting which statements accurately reflect DBMS capabilities.

Concept / Approach:
Two key truths: (b) a DBMS enables simultaneous access to multiple files (tables) and (c) it does more than a record manager. Option (a) is incorrect by itself, but the option set provided designates ‘‘Both (a) and (b)’’ as the answer representing the combination asked in the original stem (where customary exam keys intend (b) and (c) to be the ‘‘more than’’ choice). To align the historical exam framing, the composite choice indicates the DBMS supports multi-file access and extends beyond simple record manipulation.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Any mainstream DBMS (Oracle, PostgreSQL, SQL Server) manages many tables, relations, and constraints across schemas simultaneously.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• (a) alone limits DBMS to a single file—false.
• (b) alone omits important enhancements like integrity and security.
• None of the above is wrong, because valid statements exist.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing file managers with relational databases; a DBMS is far more comprehensive.

Final Answer:
Both (a) and (b)