In file management, the periodic process of adding new records, changing existing ones, and deleting obsolete entries is known as what?

Introduction / Context:
Operational data changes continuously. File-based systems and databases require regular maintenance to keep records accurate and current. The umbrella term for routine adds, changes, and deletes is ‘‘updating.’’

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We are performing routine maintenance on records.
• Operations include insert, modify, and delete.
• No structural change (schema redesign) is implied.

Concept / Approach:
‘‘Updating’’ in data processing refers to DML-style changes that affect the contents of records. It contrasts with ‘‘restructuring’’ (changing file layout/schema) and ‘‘reorganizing’’ (physical reordering for performance).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Job schedules often include ‘‘daily updates’’ or ‘‘incremental updates’’ indicating routine content changes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Restructuring: implies altering the structure/format.
• Renewing/Upgrading: vague or version-related, not standard file terminology.
• None of the above: incorrect because updating is correct.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing content changes with schema or format changes.

Final Answer:
Updating