Which country hosted the 10th BRICS Summit held in 2018, bringing together the leaders of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa?

Introduction / Context:
BRICS is an association of five major emerging economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The BRICS Summit is held annually, and each member takes turns hosting the meeting. The 10th BRICS Summit was an important diplomatic event, and remembering where it was hosted is a typical current affairs and international relations question in many exams.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question is about the 10th BRICS Summit held in 2018.
• The five BRICS countries are Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.
• The options list four of these member countries as possible hosts.
• We assume standard reporting of the official summit location.

Concept / Approach:
The summits rotate among the BRICS nations. To find the correct answer, you need to recall specifically the 2018 meeting. In that year, the summit was hosted by South Africa in Johannesburg. While other members have hosted previous or later summits, 2018 is associated particularly with South Africa. The theme and outcomes of the summit are often discussed in news reports and exam oriented study material, which helps candidates remember the host country.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that South Africa joined BRICS after the initial four members, and it also hosts the summit when its turn comes. Step 2: Remember that the 10th BRICS Summit took place in 2018 in Johannesburg, one of South Africa’s major cities. Step 3: Check the options and confirm that South Africa appears among them. Step 4: Verify that Brazil, Russia, India and China have hosted other summits but not the 10th one in 2018. Step 5: Therefore, pick South Africa as the correct host country for the 10th BRICS Summit.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can verify this fact by consulting official BRICS documentation or international news archives for 2018. These sources clearly state that the 10th BRICS Summit was held in Johannesburg, South Africa. Many exam preparation books on international organisations also list the year wise location of BRICS Summits, which confirms this information and makes it easier to memorise.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Brazil has hosted BRICS Summits, but not the 10th summit in 2018. Russia is another founding member that has hosted summits in different years. India also served as host in an earlier year, but not in 2018. In this question, the focus is only on the 10th summit, and for that specific year, none of these three alternatives are correct.

Because the summit in 2018 took place in Johannesburg, South Africa is the only valid choice among the given options.

Common Pitfalls:
Many learners confuse different summit years, especially if they remember media coverage but not the exact year. Others may think that a founding member like India or Brazil is more likely to host landmark summits. To avoid these issues, it helps to create a small table of BRICS summit locations by year and periodically revise it, focusing on major milestones such as the 10th summit.

Final Answer:
The 10th BRICS Summit in 2018 was hosted by South Africa.