Which of the following pairs of Summer Olympic Games and host cities are correctly matched? I. Summer Olympics 2020 – Tokyo II. Summer Olympics 2016 – Rio de Janeiro III. Summer Olympics 2012 – London

Introduction / Context:
The Summer Olympic Games are held every four years and are hosted by different cities around the world. Knowing the correct pairing of Olympic years with their host cities is a common requirement in general knowledge and competitive exams. This question presents three year city pairs and asks you to determine which of them are correctly matched, focusing on the 2012, 2016, and 2020 Summer Olympics.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Three proposed pairs are given:
• I. Summer Olympics 2020 – Tokyo
• II. Summer Olympics 2016 – Rio de Janeiro
• III. Summer Olympics 2012 – London
• The answer options indicate whether one, two, or all of these pairs are correctly matched.
• We assume the standard Olympic cycle and official host city selection.

Concept / Approach:
The concept is straightforward fact matching. The 2012 Summer Olympics were hosted by London in the United Kingdom. The 2016 Summer Olympics were held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, marking the first time the Olympics were held in South America. The 2020 Summer Olympics were awarded to Tokyo, Japan; although the actual event took place in 2021 due to a global pandemic, they are still officially referred to as the Tokyo 2020 Olympics. Since each of the three listed pairs correctly matches the year with the host city, the correct response is that all are correct.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Evaluate Pair I. The 2020 Summer Olympics were officially awarded to Tokyo and branded as Tokyo 2020, so this pair is correct. Step 2: Evaluate Pair II. The 2016 Summer Olympics took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, so this pair is also correct. Step 3: Evaluate Pair III. The 2012 Summer Olympics were hosted by London in the United Kingdom, making this pair correct as well. Step 4: Since all three pairs are accurate, the option that best describes the situation is All are correct. Step 5: Select option D (All are correct) as the final answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, you can recall media coverage and official logos for these events. The 2012 Games were widely branded as London 2012, with iconic stadiums such as the Olympic Stadium and venues along the Thames. The 2016 Games were promoted as Rio 2016, featuring the Christ the Redeemer statue and Brazilian culture. The 2020 Games, despite being delayed, retained the Tokyo 2020 branding and featured venues across Tokyo and surrounding areas. In each case, the year and the city in the statement match the actual host details, confirming that all the given pairs are correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Only I and II: This option would imply that the 2012 London pairing is incorrect, which is not true because London did host the 2012 Summer Olympics.

Only I and III: This would claim that Rio de Janeiro did not host the 2016 Games, which is incorrect because Rio was indeed the 2016 host city.

Only II and III: This would suggest that Tokyo did not host the 2020 Olympics, which is also false since Tokyo was officially selected as the 2020 host city.

Common Pitfalls:
One common pitfall is confusion over the 2020 Olympics because the events were actually held in 2021 due to postponement. Some candidates mistakenly think this makes the 2020 Tokyo pairing wrong, but officially the event is still recorded as the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. Another error is mixing up London 2012 with other European cities or confusing Rio 2016 with other South American bids. To avoid these mistakes, memorise the simple sequence: London 2012, Rio 2016, Tokyo 2020, which clearly matches all three pairs given in the question.

Final Answer:
All three pairs of Summer Olympic Games and host cities are correct, so the right choice is All are correct, corresponding to option D.