As per IS 1172:1963 provisions for institutional accommodations, a minimum of 135 litres per capita per day (lpcd) should be provided for which facilities?
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ABoarding schools
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BNurses’ homes and medical quarters
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CHostels
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DAll the above
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EOnly (a) and (c)
Answer
Correct Answer: All the above
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Indian Standard IS 1172 recommends per-capita water requirements for various occupancies to ensure adequate domestic use, hygiene, and service demands. Knowledge of these norms is essential for water-supply planning and plumbing design.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- IS 1172:1963 (and subsequent revisions) provides benchmark lpcd values.
- Question references 135 lpcd for specified institutional accommodations.
Concept / Approach:Boarding schools, nurses’ homes/medical quarters, and hostels are all residential-type occupancies with shared facilities and continuous occupancy patterns. IS 1172 prescribes minimum lpcd figures, with 135 lpcd a commonly quoted baseline for residential and similar institutional uses under normal supply conditions.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify each listed occupancy as qualifying for the 135 lpcd provision.Recognize that all three fall under institutional/residential categories with similar usage profiles.Select the inclusive option 'All the above'.Verification / Alternative check:Design handbooks citing IS 1172 list these occupancies at or around 135 lpcd (subject to local by-laws and service levels).
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
- Any subset fails to include all qualifying institutional categories enumerated in the question.
Common Pitfalls:
- Confusing peak/instantaneous demands (fixture units) with daily per-capita allocation.
Final Answer:All the above