In building construction, what are the “studs” of a common wooden partition, considering the standard framing terminology used on site?

Introduction / Context:
Wooden partitions and stud walls are ubiquitous in residential and light commercial construction. Knowing the names and roles of individual components—studs, plates, and noggings/blocking—is essential for accurate detailing, quantity take-off, and site supervision. This question checks the correct identification of “studs.”

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The partition is of standard light-frame timber construction.
• Terminology follows common site vocabulary: studs, top plate, bottom (sole) plate, and intermediate horizontal members (noggings/blocking).
• No special systems like metal studs; the concept remains the same even then.

Concept / Approach:
In a typical stud wall, vertical members carry loads from the top plate to the bottom plate and brace the sheathing. The top plate (upper horizontal) and sole/bottom plate (lower horizontal) tie the studs, while intermediate horizontal members provide lateral restraint to prevent stud buckling and to support fixtures or sheathing edges.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify roles: vertical elements = studs; upper horizontal = top plate; lower horizontal = sole/bottom plate; intermediate horizontals = noggings/blocking.Match terms: the only option that correctly describes studs is “are vertical wooden members.”Hence, select the option that defines studs as vertical members.

Verification / Alternative check:
Any carpentry manual or building code glossary confirms that studs are the vertical framing members within a wall or partition, spaced typically at 400 mm or 600 mm centers (or 16 in/24 in).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Upper horizontal member = top plate, not studs.
• Lower horizontal member = sole/bottom plate, not studs.
• Intermediate horizontal members = noggings/blocking, not studs.

Common Pitfalls:

• Using “stud” generically for any wall member; precise terminology improves communication and safety.
• Confusing noggings with studs due to their role in stiffening the frame.

Final Answer:
are vertical wooden members