Bruise is related to Fall in the same way as Bump is related to which likely cause or action?

Introduction / Context:
This analogy question explores cause and effect relationships between everyday events and injuries. A bruise often results from a fall or impact, and a bump on the body is also caused by a similar sudden force. To solve the analogy, you must focus on what action most commonly causes a bump, in the same way that a fall commonly causes a bruise.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• First pair: Bruise : Fall.
• Second pair pattern: Bump : ?
• Options: Lump, Knock, Limp, Wound.
• Bruise is taken as an injury resulting from a fall or heavy impact.
• Bump usually refers to a swelling or raised area on the body after hitting something.

Concept / Approach:
In the analogy A : B :: C : D, the relationship between A and B must mirror that between C and D. Here, B is the likely cause of A. A fall commonly causes a bruise. In the second pair, we look for the action that commonly causes a bump. A knock, such as hitting a head or limb against a hard surface, is a direct cause of a bump. The other options describe conditions or injuries but do not represent clear causal actions in the same pattern.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Understand the first pair. A person falls and, as a result, may get a bruise. So Fall is the cause, and Bruise is the effect or injury. Step 2: Identify the relationship: cause to effect relationship, where B is the cause of A. Step 3: Consider the word bump. A bump is a raised swelling on the body, typically arising after an impact. Step 4: Look at the options and identify which word describes the action that leads to a bump. A knock is a hit or impact that can cause a bump. Step 5: Confirm that the other options either describe different outcomes or do not fit the role of a cause.

Verification / Alternative check:
We can restate the analogy: Bruise results from a fall. Bump results from a knock. This maintains a simple cause and effect relationship. When you fall, you can bruise yourself. When you knock your head against a wall or table, you can get a bump. The pattern is consistent and direct, making Knock the best match.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Lump: A lump is more like a type of bump or mass, not the action that causes it, so it does not mirror the cause in the first pair. Limp: A limp is a way of walking, usually a consequence of pain or injury, not the cause of a bump. Wound: A wound is another kind of injury, similar to bruise or bump, but the analogy requires a cause for bump, not another effect.

Common Pitfalls:
Learners sometimes match effect to effect, such as bruise to wound or bump to lump, ignoring the underlying causal structure. Another common mistake is to see superficial similarity and ignore whether the second term is actually a cause or an effect. Always check whether you are matching cause to cause or effect to effect consistently.

Final Answer:
Bump is most commonly caused by a Knock, so Knock correctly completes the analogy.