Fill in the blank with the most appropriate word: Vivekananda dared to attempt to ______ all that was rotting in Indian society and to enrich and learn from all that was noble.

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your vocabulary and understanding of how word meanings interact with context. The sentence refers to Vivekananda and his efforts concerning what was "rotting in Indian society". The verb in the blank must fit with the idea of dealing with decayed or corrupt elements, and it must contrast with the later aim "to enrich and learn from all that was noble". The correct choice should convey the sense of reforming or renewing, not creating, sustaining, or ignoring what is rotten.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Sentence: "Vivekananda dared to attempt to ______ all that was rotting in Indian society and to enrich and learn from all that was noble."
• Option A: create.
• Option B: sustain.
• Option C: derive.
• Option D: revamp.
• Option E: neglect.
• We assume the phrase "rotting in Indian society" is metaphorical for decayed customs or harmful practices.

Concept / Approach:
The key idea is that Vivekananda was a reformer who wanted to remove or improve decayed social practices. The verb "revamp" means to renovate, improve, or give a new and better form to something that is old or defective. This fits perfectly with the phrase "all that was rotting". "Create" would mean to bring rotten elements into existence, which is illogical. "Sustain" would mean to keep rotten practices alive, which contradicts his reforming role. "Derive" does not logically apply to rotten practices in this way. "Neglect" would mean simply ignoring them, rather than actively confronting and changing them. Therefore, "revamp" is the only verb that matches the context and meaning.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the metaphor "rotting in Indian society", which suggests harmful or decayed customs and beliefs. Step 2: Understand the structure "attempt to ______ all that was rotting" and that Vivekananda is presented as a bold reformer. Step 3: Consider option D, "revamp". Revamping rotten practices means reforming and renewing them, which fits well with daring social reform. Step 4: Examine option A, "create". It would give the strange meaning that he created what was rotting, which opposes the idea of reform. Step 5: Examine option B, "sustain". Maintaining rotten elements is the opposite of what a reformer like Vivekananda would do. Step 6: Examine option C, "derive". The phrase "derive all that was rotting" does not form a meaningful or idiomatic expression. Step 7: Examine option E, "neglect". Ignoring rotten aspects does not match the phrase "dared to attempt", which signals active engagement. Step 8: Conclude that "revamp" is the only suitable and meaningful option.

Verification / Alternative check:
Insert "revamp" into the sentence: "Vivekananda dared to attempt to revamp all that was rotting in Indian society and to enrich and learn from all that was noble." This produces a coherent and powerful statement about his mission. It shows that he wanted to reform decayed customs while appreciating noble traditions. Trying any other option makes the sentence either logically inconsistent or grammatically awkward. For example, "attempt to sustain all that was rotting" clearly contradicts the implied moral judgement, confirming that "revamp" is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
"Create" is wrong because it suggests producing rotten things rather than correcting them. "Sustain" is wrong because it means keeping something in existence, so sustaining rotten elements would be negative. "Derive" is wrong because it does not fit grammatically or logically with the idea of rotten customs. "Neglect" is wrong because someone who merely neglects problems is not a bold reformer. Thus, none of these verbs accurately describe Vivekananda role as presented in the sentence.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners may confuse "revamp" with more basic verbs like "create" or "sustain" if they are unfamiliar with the word. Others might think "neglect" is appropriate because people often ignore problems, but the sentence clearly emphasises courage and active effort, indicated by "dared to attempt". To improve performance on such questions, it helps to learn reform related vocabulary such as "revamp", "reform", "renew", and "overhaul" along with their typical contexts.

Final Answer:
The correct word is revamp, completing the sentence as "attempt to revamp all that was rotting in Indian society".