In the context of the Indian economy, the term Black Revolution is used for which drive toward self dependence?

Introduction / Context:
India has experienced several so called revolutions in different sectors of its economy, each associated with a particular colour and a particular commodity or sector. These revolutions are widely used as shorthand in examinations to test awareness about agricultural and economic policy initiatives. The term Black Revolution is one such expression and it is important for students to distinguish it from the Green, White, Blue and other revolutions that refer to different areas of production and self sufficiency.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The expression used in the question is Black Revolution.
• The focus is on self dependence in some sector of production in India.
• The options include food grains, milk, petroleum or crude oil, and coal or related fuels.
• No years, schemes, or specific programmes are mentioned, so the term is being used in its standard textbook sense.

Concept / Approach:
In standard Indian economy and general knowledge literature, different colours are linked to specific sectors. Green Revolution refers to rapid growth in food grain production through high yielding varieties and improved inputs. White Revolution refers to increased milk production and dairy development. Blue Revolution generally refers to fish production and aquaculture. Black Revolution is associated with efforts to increase production of petroleum and crude oil so that the country moves toward energy security. Therefore, the correct approach is to match the colour black with the sector most commonly linked to it, which is petroleum and crude oil in the Indian context.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall the list of colour coded revolutions that you have studied in Indian economy and agriculture. Step 2: Associate Green Revolution with food grains, especially wheat and rice. Step 3: Associate White Revolution with milk and dairy production. Step 4: Remember that Blue Revolution is linked to fisheries and aquaculture. Step 5: Note that the remaining colour black is conventionally linked to mineral oil and petroleum based energy sources. Step 6: Among the options, identify the one that refers specifically to petroleum and crude oil production. Step 7: Mark self dependence in petroleum and crude oil production as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
An easy way to verify is to think of black as a colour symbolically associated with oil. Crude oil is often called black gold because of its dark colour and high economic value. Many examination guides and economic survey summaries directly define Black Revolution as the drive to increase petroleum production and exploration in India. This symbolic association of black with oil is consistent across multiple sources, so it confirms that the correct answer refers to petroleum and crude oil production rather than food, milk, or solid fuels like coal.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Self dependence in food grain production is specifically associated with the Green Revolution rather than the Black Revolution. Self dependence in milk production is the hallmark of the White Revolution and the Operation Flood programme. Coal and mineral fuel production are important, but the colour black in the context of revolutions is not normally used for coal in mainstream exam oriented literature. Therefore, the options referring to food grains, milk, or coal do not match the conventional meaning of Black Revolution in Indian economic terminology.

Common Pitfalls:
A common confusion arises when students loosely associate the colour black with any dark fuel such as coal, leading them to choose coal based options. Another mistake is mixing up the many colour revolutions without revising them systematically. Some learners also think that Black Revolution might relate to soil or ground based resources in general, which is too vague and not supported by standard texts. To avoid such errors, it is helpful to memorise a short mapping list that links each colour to a specific sector and to revise it regularly before examinations.

Final Answer:
In Indian economic terminology the Black Revolution refers to the drive for self dependence in petroleum and crude oil production.