Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is primarily related to which welfare measure launched by the Union Government of India?

Introduction / Context:
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is a flagship social welfare scheme of the Government of India. It is widely discussed in government documents, economic surveys, and competitive examination material because it directly addresses energy access and health issues faced by poor households. Examinations often test whether candidates can correctly link the name of the scheme with its main objective and target group, rather than confusing it with other welfare programmes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The scheme mentioned is Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana.
• The question asks what the scheme is related to, that is, its core focus.
• The options mention free LPG connections, free electricity, child immunisation, and health insurance for senior citizens.
• No year or budget figures are needed, only the thematic area and main benefit.

Concept / Approach:
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana was launched with the aim of providing clean cooking fuel to poor households that previously depended on traditional biomass like firewood and dung cakes. The scheme provides free LPG connections to women belonging to below poverty line and other specified vulnerable categories, with the objective of reducing indoor air pollution and improving health outcomes. The name Ujjwala is therefore strongly associated with LPG and clean cooking energy. Recognising this association is the key to answering the question correctly.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall the official description of Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana from government announcements and standard polity or economy notes. Step 2: Identify that the scheme focuses on providing clean cooking fuel in the form of LPG to poor households. Step 3: Note that the primary beneficiaries are women from below poverty line families and other socially and economically disadvantaged sections. Step 4: Compare this understanding with the options provided. Step 5: Observe that one option explicitly mentions free LPG connections to poor households, especially women from disadvantaged sections. Step 6: Confirm that the other options describe different welfare areas, such as electricity, immunisation, or health insurance, none of which correspond to Ujjwala Yojana. Step 7: Choose the option related to free LPG connections as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can cross check by recalling some commonly quoted statistics about Ujjwala Yojana, such as the number of LPG connections sanctioned or the focus on women as connection holders. Government publicity material often shows images of LPG cylinders and women in rural households, which strongly reinforces the link with cooking gas. In contrast, free electricity connections are linked to schemes such as Saubhagya, mass immunisation is associated with Mission Indradhanush and related health campaigns, and health insurance appears in schemes like Ayushman Bharat. This comparison confirms the specific focus of Ujjwala.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The option about free electricity connections refers more closely to schemes like Saubhagya and Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gram Jyoti Yojana, not Ujjwala. The option about mass immunisation of children concerns public health programmes and does not mention LPG or cooking fuel. The option about free health insurance for senior citizens points toward social security schemes, which are different in design and target group. Since none of these align with the well known objective of Ujjwala Yojana, they are incorrect in the context of this question.

Common Pitfalls:
A frequent mistake is to confuse different flagship schemes with similar sounding names or to mix up their objectives due to the large number of programmes launched in the last decade. Some learners also see the words poor households and immediately think of electricity or housing schemes rather than energy for cooking. To avoid this, it is helpful to maintain a short table mapping scheme names to sectors such as cooking fuel, electricity, housing, health insurance, and financial inclusion, and revise it regularly.

Final Answer:
Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana is primarily related to providing free LPG connections to poor households, especially women from disadvantaged sections.