Immunodeficiency vs autoimmunity — Which of the following is an example of an immunodeficiency disorder?
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AThyroiditis (e.g., Hashimoto disease)
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BRheumatic fever
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CSystemic lupus erythematosus
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DAIDS
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EContact dermatitis
Answer
Correct Answer: AIDS
Explanation
Introduction:Immune disorders can be broadly classified as excessive/misdirected (allergy, autoimmunity) or insufficient (immunodeficiency). This question checks your ability to distinguish examples of each category and identify a true immunodeficiency state.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- AIDS results from acquired immune deficiency due to HIV.
- Autoimmune diseases feature immune attack on self tissues.
- Hypersensitivity reactions may be antibody-mediated or T-cell-mediated but are not deficiencies.
Concept / Approach:Match each option to its category: immunodeficiency (lack of function) vs autoimmunity/hypersensitivity (misdirected/exaggerated function). Select the one that reflects deficient immunity.
Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Evaluate AIDS → hallmark immunodeficiency with opportunistic infections.2) Thyroiditis and SLE → autoimmune diseases.3) Rheumatic fever → post-streptococcal autoimmune/hypersensitivity phenomenon.4) Contact dermatitis → T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity (type IV).Verification / Alternative check:Diagnostic criteria for AIDS rely on low CD4 counts and indicator infections, directly evidencing deficient immunity.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
a,c) Autoimmune conditions with self-reactivity.b) Immune-mediated sequela, not deficiency.e) Hypersensitivity reaction, not deficiency.Common Pitfalls:Labeling any immune-related disease as “immunodeficiency” without considering whether function is excessive/misdirected vs absent.
Final Answer:AIDS.