Cancer Genetics—Chromosomal Translocations Specific, recurrent chromosomal translocations are classically associated with which category of malignancy?

Introduction / Context:
Balanced chromosomal translocations can create fusion genes or dysregulate oncogene expression. These events are particularly characteristic of hematologic malignancies, where they serve as diagnostic markers, prognostic indicators, and therapeutic targets. The question asks which tumor category most classically shows specific translocations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Examples: t(9;22)(BCR-ABL) in chronic myeloid leukemia; t(15;17)(PML-RARA) in acute promyelocytic leukemia; t(8;14)(MYC-IgH) in Burkitt lymphoma.
• Solid tumors often harbor copy-number changes and point mutations; some also have translocations, but specificity is most iconic in leukemias/lymphomas.

Concept / Approach:
Match the hallmark genetic mechanism with tumor categories. Recurrent, lineage-defining translocations are typical of leukemias and lymphomas; thus “some leukemias” is the best answer among the options provided.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Diagnostic practice uses FISH/RT-PCR for fusion transcripts in leukemias to guide targeted therapy (e.g., ATRA/arsenic for PML-RARA).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Colon/breast/pancreatic cancers: while structural variants exist, classic, highly recurrent translocations are less emblematic.
• Benign tumors rarely show hallmark balanced translocations used diagnostically.

Common Pitfalls:
Over-generalizing from rare solid-tumor translocations to all solid tumors.

Final Answer:
Some leukemias