For an Earth-observation sensor system to be useful, which fundamental resolutions must be considered as basic requirements?

Introduction / Context:
Sensor performance is characterized by multiple resolutions that jointly determine data quality and applicability. Neglecting any one dimension can hinder the ability to detect targets, separate classes, or monitor change effectively.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We assess four core resolutions: radiometric, spatial, spectral, and temporal.
• Application contexts may emphasize different priorities (e.g., agriculture versus disaster response).

Concept / Approach:
Radiometric resolution affects the sensor's sensitivity to brightness differences. Spatial resolution governs the smallest discernible feature. Spectral resolution defines which materials can be distinguished by their spectral signatures. Temporal resolution controls how often a location can be reimaged for change detection. Effective mission design balances these constraints to meet user needs and platform limits.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List the four key resolutions and their roles.Recognize that each is essential to at least one critical use-case.Conclude that all are basic requirements.

Verification / Alternative check:
Product specifications for missions like Landsat, Sentinel, and MODIS highlight all four resolutions, demonstrating their fundamental status.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Omitting any resolution will undermine some applications (e.g., poor temporal resolution fails time-critical monitoring).

Common Pitfalls:
Overemphasizing spatial resolution while ignoring spectral and temporal needs; confusing radiometric resolution with dynamic range calibration alone.

Final Answer:
All of these