In a ball mill used for comminution, which mechanism is primarily responsible for achieving the maximum size reduction of particles?

Introduction / Context:
Ball mills reduce particle size through a combination of impact and attrition as the grinding media cascade. Understanding the dominant mechanism helps optimise speed, ball size, and lifter design for targeted product sizes.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Spherical grinding media rotate within a cylindrical shell.
• At suitable speeds, cataracting and cascading occur.
• Question asks which mechanism gives maximum size reduction.

Concept / Approach:
Large particles are fractured most effectively by high-energy impacts when balls fall from near the top of the mill path. Attrition refines particles further, but the largest breakage events are impact-dominated. Compression and cutting are not primary in tumbling mills, and pure shear is not the main mill action here.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Consider ball trajectories at operating speed.Identify energy transfer mode: falling balls impart impact.Conclude maximum size reduction occurs via impact events.

Verification / Alternative check:
Population balance models and breakage function studies confirm that coarse size class breakage in ball mills correlates with impact energy distribution.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Attrition: contributes to fine grinding, not the largest size reduction jumps.Compression/Cutting/Shear: not dominant mechanisms in ball mills.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming attrition dominates across all size ranges; it is more important for fines polishing.

Final Answer:
Impact