Syllogism — Men, employed, and professionals (complements and chaining): Statements: (1) All men are employed. (2) No employees are professionals. Conclusions: I. No men are unemployed. II. No men are professionals.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: Both I and II follow.

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
Universal inclusion plus universal exclusion often yields two clear consequences: a complement statement and a propagated exclusion along the subset chain.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • Man ⊆ Employed.
  • Employed ∩ Professional = ∅.


Concept / Approach:
If every man is employed, then no man is unemployed (I). And since no employee is a professional, no man (being an employee) can be a professional (II).


Step-by-Step:
1) From Man ⊆ Employed, conclude Man ∩ Unemployed = ∅ → I.2) From Man ⊆ Employed and Employed ∩ Professional = ∅, infer Man ∩ Professional = ∅ → II.


Common Pitfalls:
Forgetting that exclusions applying to a superset automatically apply to all its subsets.


Final Answer:
Both I and II follow.

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