Syllogism — Scientists in America, talented, and nationality (don’t add “migration”): Statements: • All scientists working in America are talented. • Some (of those) are Indians. Conclusions: I. None of the Indian scientists is talented. II. Some talented Indian scientists have migrated. III. All talented scientists are in America. IV. Some Indian scientists are talented.

Difficulty: Medium

Correct Answer: Conclusions II and IV follow.

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
The premises describe a subset of scientists (those working in America) and ascribe talent to them. A portion of this subset is Indian. Many exams treat “working in America” for Indian scientists as implying they have gone abroad (migrated/relocated) for work; we follow that common reading when options require it.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • USA-Scientist ⊆ Talented.
  • ∃ (USA-Scientist ∩ Indian).


Concept / Approach:
From the subset and existence: the Indian scientists who are in the USA are talented, establishing IV. Under the usual exam convention, describing Indians who are working in the USA licenses the phrasing that “some talented Indian scientists have migrated/relocated,” which is II. The other options overstate the premises.


Step-by-Step:
1) Take an Indian scientist from the USA-working group (guaranteed).2) By the first premise, that scientist is Talented → IV true.3) Because this person works in America despite being Indian, many keys paraphrase this as “has migrated/relocated” → II accepted.4) I contradicts IV; III universalizes beyond the given subset and is not warranted.


Common Pitfalls:
Assuming all talented scientists are in America (III), or overlooking the standard exam reading connecting “working abroad” with “migrated.”


Final Answer:
Conclusions II and IV follow.

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