In computer networking, which type of algorithm is used to decide the path that data packets should take from source to destination?

Introduction / Context:
When you send an email, open a web page or stream a video, your data is broken into packets and sent across a complex network of routers and links. Each packet needs to travel from a source device to a destination device, which may be far away. Network devices must therefore make decisions about which path the packets should follow. This decision making process is governed by specific algorithms. The question asks for the correct name of the algorithms that select paths for packets in a network.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Data is sent in packets in a computer network.
• Packets must move from a source to a destination.
• There are multiple possible paths through routers and links.
• An algorithm determines which path is chosen.
• The options list several general sounding algorithm names.

Concept / Approach:
The algorithms that determine the best path for packets through a network are called routing algorithms. They form the core logic used by routers to update routing tables and decide the next hop for each packet. Examples include distance vector algorithms and link state algorithms. While words like pathing or directing suggest similar ideas in everyday language, they are not standard technical terms. The correct formal term in networking literature is routing algorithm.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Focus on the phrase “decide the path” in the question.Step 2: Recall that devices which forward packets are called routers.Step 3: Recognize that routers use routing tables built by routing algorithms.Step 4: Note that networking textbooks consistently refer to these as routing algorithms.Step 5: Compare this with the other options, which are not standard technical names.Step 6: Conclude that routing algorithm is the correct term.

Verification / Alternative check:
If you think of popular routing protocols such as OSPF, RIP or BGP, they are all described in documentation as using routing algorithms to compute shortest paths, choose routes and update tables. Articles and standards never call them pathing algorithms or directing algorithms. The word routing appears consistently whenever path selection in networks is discussed. This consistency confirms that routing algorithm is the correct answer.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Option B, pathing algorithm, is not a recognized term in networking, even though it sounds similar to path selection.
• Option C, selecting algorithm, is far too general and not specific to networking.
• Option D, directing algorithm, is also a generic phrase and not a standard term.
• Option E, balancing algorithm, might appear in contexts such as load balancing but does not name the general path determination process.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes overthink simple questions and look for more complicated sounding options, especially when the correct technical term is already familiar. Others may be tempted by words like pathing because they seem directly related to paths. To avoid confusion, rely on the terminology used in textbooks and certification exams, which clearly identify these as routing algorithms.

Final Answer:
The correct answer is Routing algorithm.