In the analogy "ACCIDENT is to CAREFULNESS as DISEASE is to ____", which word best completes the relationship of cause and prevention?

Introduction / Context:
This is a verbal analogy that focuses on the relationship between a negative event and the quality or practice that helps prevent it. Carefulness is the quality of being cautious and attentive, which helps to avoid accidents. You must identify the corresponding idea that helps to prevent diseases. Such analogy questions test your conceptual understanding of cause and prevention rather than mere word meanings.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The first pair is "ACCIDENT : CAREFULNESS".
• The second pair is "DISEASE : ____".
• Options: Sanitation, Treatment, Medicine, Doctor, Hospital.
• We focus on the idea of prevention, not cure.

Concept / Approach:
Carefulness does not treat an accident after it has happened; instead, it reduces the chances that an accident will happen in the first place. Therefore, the relationship is "unwanted event" paired with "preventive quality or practice that helps avoid it." Similarly, disease can often be prevented by proper sanitation and hygiene practices such as clean drinking water, safe disposal of waste, and cleanliness. While treatment, medicine, and doctors help after disease has already appeared, sanitation is directly related to prevention.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Interpret the first pair. Accidents are reduced when people behave with carefulness and follow safety rules. Step 2: Identify the type of relationship as "event and its preventive measure". Step 3: Now consider disease. We look for the option that is primarily about avoiding disease rather than curing it. Step 4: Sanitation refers to hygienic conditions like clean water supply, proper sewage disposal, and general cleanliness, all of which prevent the spread of diseases. Step 5: Treatment and medicine are responses after disease occurs, and a doctor or hospital also come into the picture mainly after illness appears. Step 6: Therefore, sanitation is the most accurate preventive counterpart to disease, similar to carefulness for accident.

Verification / Alternative check:
Check each option against the idea of prevention. Good sanitation reduces the transmission of infection causing organisms and is a major public health measure to prevent disease outbreaks. Treatment, medicine, and doctors are crucial after a disease is present and are best understood as curative or management measures. A hospital is a facility where disease is treated. Only sanitation consistently stands on the prevention side of the relationship, just as carefulness does for accidents.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Treatment and medicine describe how we deal with a disease once it has already affected someone. A doctor is the professional who provides care, and a hospital is the place where treatment occurs. None of these primarily function to prevent the onset of disease as a large scale health measure. Therefore, they do not parallel the way carefulness functions in preventing accidents.

Common Pitfalls:
Candidates often choose medicine or doctor because they associate them strongly with disease. However, they overlook the subtle but important distinction between prevention and cure. Always read the first pair carefully and identify whether it involves cause and effect, prevention, cure, or consequence. Once you see that carefulness is a preventive quality, it becomes easier to select sanitation as the parallel concept.

Final Answer:
The correct completion is "ACCIDENT is to CAREFULNESS as DISEASE is to Sanitation".