Historical organization in Indian road development: The Indian Roads and Transport Development Association (I.R.T.D.A.) was established in Bombay in which year?

Introduction / Context:
Understanding the chronology of Indian road organizations provides perspective on policy evolution, funding, and standards. I.R.T.D.A. was among the early institutional efforts to coordinate road and transport development.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Location: Bombay (now Mumbai).
• Objective: foster roads and transport development in India.

Concept / Approach:
Before nationwide bodies like the Indian Roads Congress matured, I.R.T.D.A. played a role in advocacy and coordination. The commonly cited founding year is 1917, aligning with the period of early motorization and colonial public works expansion.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the organization: I.R.T.D.A.Recall the historically documented founding year.Select 1917 from the choices.

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical references on Indian highway development place several key institutional milestones around World War I and the interwar period, including 1917 for I.R.T.D.A.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 1907, 1927, 1937, 1942: do not match the standard citation for I.R.T.D.A.’s founding.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing I.R.T.D.A. with Indian Roads Congress (founded later, in the 1930s).

Final Answer:
1917