Ferrous materials—composition identification: Wrought iron typically contains carbon in which approximate range by percentage?

Introduction / Context:

Wrought iron is a ductile, tough, and highly workable iron formerly used for bars, decorative work, and rivets. Its properties stem from extremely low carbon content and the presence of slag stringers that enhance certain characteristics like corrosion resistance and ease of forging.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Traditional puddled or charcoal-wrought iron composition.
• Focus on bulk carbon content, not alloying elements.
• Comparison against steels and cast irons.

Concept / Approach:

Carbon content distinguishes ferrous families: wrought iron is very low in carbon, typically about 0.02–0.20%, often cited in teaching as 0.1–0.25%. Steels range roughly 0.05–2.0% depending on grade, while cast irons contain ~2–4% carbon. Thus, the nearest offered range is 0.1–0.25%.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Materials handbooks consistently report wrought iron carbon far below mild steel, corroborating the chosen range.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• 0.5%–1.75% and 1.5%–5.5%: within steel to cast-iron territory—too high for wrought iron.
• None of these: incorrect as a correct range is provided.
• 0.25%–0.45%: above typical wrought-iron carbon; edging into steel compositions.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing wrought iron with ‘‘pure iron’’ (which may have even lower carbon) or with low-carbon steel.
• Overlooking slag inclusions that influence mechanical behavior despite low carbon.

Final Answer:

0.1% to 0.25%