From the given options, choose the word that cannot be formed using the letters of the word SHORTING.

Introduction / Context:
This question is another example of a word formation problem. You are provided with the base word SHORTING, and you must determine which of the options cannot be formed by rearranging some or all of its letters. This type of exercise develops your ability to track letters, detect missing characters, and verify frequency constraints. It is especially useful for improving accuracy in verbal reasoning and helps you avoid careless mistakes in exams where every mark matters.

Given Data / Assumptions:
Base word: SHORTING.
Letters available: S, H, O, R, T, I, N, G.
Options: THORN, NITRO, NOISE, STING.
We assume each letter in the base word can be used at most as many times as it appears there and that we cannot introduce any new letters that are not present in SHORTING.

Concept / Approach:
To decide whether a word can be formed, list the letters of the base word and then check each option letter by letter. If any letter in the option is missing from the base word, or must be used more frequently than it appears in the base word, then that option is impossible. Letters that are obviously absent, such as E in this case, provide a quick way to eliminate some options. This method is systematic and helps avoid guesswork, which is important under timed conditions.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Note the letters in SHORTING. S, H, O, R, T, I, N, G, with each appearing exactly once. Step 2: Check THORN. THORN requires T, H, O, R, N. All of these letters are present in SHORTING, and no letter is used more than once, so THORN can be formed. Step 3: Check NITRO. NITRO requires N, I, T, R, O. Each of these letters is found in SHORTING, so NITRO can also be formed. Step 4: Check STING. STING requires S, T, I, N, G, all of which are present exactly once in SHORTING. Therefore STING can be formed from the base word. Step 5: Check NOISE. NOISE requires N, O, I, S, E. The base word SHORTING has N, O, I and S, but it does not contain the letter E at all. Hence NOISE cannot be formed from SHORTING.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, scan the letters of SHORTING again: S, H, O, R, T, I, N, G. Note that E is absent. The other letters in NOISE (N, O, I, S) are present, but because E is missing, it is impossible to form the complete word. For THORN, NITRO and STING, every required letter is available and used within allowed frequency. Therefore there is exactly one impossible option, confirming that our conclusion is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
THORN is possible because all its letters appear in SHORTING and each is used once only.
NITRO is possible since N, I, T, R and O are all present in the base word without any missing or repeated letters beyond what is available.
STING is possible as S, T, I, N and G are all available and can be combined directly to form the word.
These three options therefore can be formed and do not satisfy the requirement of the question, which asks for the word that cannot be formed.

Common Pitfalls:
A common error is failing to notice a single missing letter, especially when the rest of the letters seem to fit well. Candidates may also forget that the base word may not include every common vowel, leading to quick but incorrect assumptions. To avoid such mistakes, always scan each option for letters that simply do not exist in the base word. Focusing on vowels first is often useful because they are limited and highly visible. Taking a few seconds for systematic checking greatly improves accuracy.

Final Answer:
The word that cannot be formed using the letters of SHORTING is NOISE, because it requires the letter E, which is not present in the base word.