Cytokine nomenclature: which cytokine is also known as cachectin because of its role in inducing cachexia and systemic inflammatory responses?

Introduction:
Cytokines often have multiple historical names reflecting their discovery contexts and bioactivities. This question checks whether you recognize the alias “cachectin” for a key proinflammatory mediator implicated in sepsis, chronic inflammation, and cancer-associated cachexia.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Cachexia is a metabolic wasting syndrome seen in chronic disease.
• Proinflammatory cytokines can drive anorexia, muscle proteolysis, and lipolysis.
• Terminology overlaps occur: one molecule, multiple names.

Concept / Approach:
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF, especially TNF-alpha) was historically termed cachectin due to its ability to induce cachexia in experimental models. It plays central roles in fever, acute phase responses, and septic shock. Interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 have immunoregulatory roles but are not known as cachectin.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall alternate names: cachectin corresponds to TNF. Differentiate cytokine functions: TNF drives systemic inflammation and cachexia. Exclude IFN-gamma and IL-2 based on nomenclature and biology. Select TNF as the correct answer.

Verification / Alternative check:
Pharmacologic blockade of TNF (e.g., anti-TNF biologics) reduces inflammatory disease activity, underscoring its systemic effects.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Interferon gamma: Activates macrophages and Th1 responses; not called cachectin.
• Interleukin 2: T cell growth factor; not referred to as cachectin.
• None of the above: Incorrect because TNF matches the alias.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing cachexia mechanisms; while multiple cytokines contribute, the historical term cachectin specifically denotes TNF.

Final Answer:
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is also known as cachectin.