Java — Which one is a valid boolean variable declaration and initialization?

Introduction / Context:
Java requires booleans to be assigned the literals true or false. There is no implicit numeric or string conversion to boolean.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The target type is primitive boolean.
• We are evaluating literal and method-based initializations.

Concept / Approach:
Only boolean literals true/false or boolean expressions can initialize a boolean. Numeric 0/1, string literals, or non-existent helpers like Boolean.false() are invalid in Java.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compile each declaration; only Option C succeeds.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They use incompatible types or non-existent APIs.

Common Pitfalls:
Transferring habits from C/C++ (0/1 to represent booleans) to Java, where it is not allowed.

Final Answer:
boolean b3 = false;