Automotive differentials — bevel-gear (open) differential construction and gear meshing Which statement correctly describes how a bevel-gear type differential is built and how its gears mesh?

Introduction / Context:
A bevel-gear (open) differential allows the left and right drive wheels to rotate at different speeds while still delivering torque. This is essential when cornering, since the outer wheel must travel a longer path than the inner wheel.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Conventional rear- or front-drive open differential.
• Input torque enters the differential carrier via the ring gear.
• Axle shafts connect to side gears through splines.

Concept / Approach:
The differential consists of a carrier (case) that holds the internal bevel gearset. Inside are two axle side gears splined to the axle shafts and two (sometimes four) small bevel pinion gears, often called spider gears, mounted on a cross-shaft fixed to the carrier. The spider gears mesh with both side gears at the same time.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Exploded diagrams and service manuals show spider gears in constant mesh with both side gears and supported in the carrier on a cross pin.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Side gears splined to carrier (A/E): incorrect; side gears spline to axles, not to the case.
• Left side gear locked to carrier (B): defeats differential action.
• Carrier contains only side gears (D): incorrect; carrier houses both spiders and side gears.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming each spider meshes with only one side gear; in reality, each spider simultaneously meshes with both side gears.

Final Answer: