Which of the following is part of the primary market?

### Concept & Primary Financial Markets The primary market is the segment of the capital market where new securities are created and issued to investors for the very first time, allowing governments and corporations to raise fresh capital. ### Step-by-Step Solution * **Public issue:** An Initial Public Offering (IPO) or Follow-on Public Offer (FPO) where new shares are sold directly to the public. * **Preference issue:** A preferential allotment of new shares or securities to a select group of investors. * **Right offering issue:** Offering existing shareholders the right to buy additional new shares directly from the company. * **Bond issue:** Corporations or governments issuing new debt securities directly to investors to raise funds. * Since all of these mechanisms involve the creation and direct issuance of *new* securities (both equity and debt), they are all primary market activities. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Remember that any transaction involving the *creation* and direct sale of new shares or debt instruments by the issuer belongs to the primary market. Since all listed options fit this definition, the answer is "All of the above". ### Common Pitfall Mistaking secondary market activities (like buying or selling existing, already-issued stocks on a stock exchange) for primary market ones, or forgetting that new debt issuance (bonds) is also a primary market function. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **All of the above**.