Network topologies – active vs. passive media Which network topology is considered passive because it does not require electrically active central devices for signal forwarding?

Introduction / Context:
Different topologies distribute signals in different ways. A passive topology does not rely on powered intermediary devices to repeat or switch signals. Understanding this distinction helps in analyzing cost, fault tolerance, and performance characteristics of legacy and modern LANs.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Passive means the medium is shared and does not actively regenerate signals.
• Classic examples include 10BASE-2/10BASE-5 bus Ethernet.
• Active topologies use hubs, switches, or token passing logic.

Concept / Approach:
In a bus topology, all stations tap into a common coaxial cable segment. The cable itself does not actively boost or direct the signal; it simply carries it, with proper termination at both ends. In contrast, star topologies use hubs/switches (active), and token ring uses active MAUs with signal regeneration and management.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Define passive: no active electronics required for distribution.Examine bus: a single backbone with terminators; passive medium.Contrast with star and ring: central devices or MAUs are active.Select “Bus.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Topology diagrams and IEEE 802.3 historical standards confirm that early Ethernet buses required only proper impedance matching and terminators, not active distribution hardware.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Ring: requires active token handling and MAUs.Star: relies on hubs/switches that regenerate and direct frames.Mesh: consists of many active links and devices.Cross: not a standard topology type in this context.

Common Pitfalls:

• Confusing physical star with logical bus (e.g., 10BASE-T hubs act like multiport repeaters but are still active).
• Assuming “passive” means no power anywhere; end stations still require power.
• Forgetting about terminators; a passive bus must be properly terminated.

Final Answer:
Bus