Arc welding processes — molten weld pool usage Which of the following welding processes explicitly uses and maintains a molten weld pool during operation?

Introduction / Context:
Most fusion welding processes create a molten weld pool. However, some examinations highlight the distinctive feature of a process. Submerged arc welding (SAW) is notable for a molten metal pool protected under a thick blanket of granular flux, invisible to the operator, which is a common test point.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• All listed processes are fusion welding methods.
• Question emphasizes the method commonly associated with a controlled flux-covered molten pool.
• Conventional terminology and shop practice are assumed.

Concept / Approach:
While TIG and MIG also form molten pools, SAW is pedagogically identified with a continuously maintained molten pool submerged under flux, enabling high deposition rates and deep penetration without arc glare.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Recall SAW setup: continuously fed wire, DC/AC power, granular flux forms a protective blanket.Under this flux, a molten pool exists along with molten slag, producing smooth welds and high productivity.Therefore, select the process most characteristically described by a flux-covered molten pool: SAW.

Verification / Alternative check:
Process descriptions consistently illustrate SAW with a hidden arc and molten pool beneath the flux. TIG and MIG display an open, visible pool shielded by inert gas instead of granular flux.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Carbon arc, TIG, and MIG certainly create a molten pool, but they are not defined by a submerged pool; the exam emphasis often points to SAW for this descriptor. 'All of the above' dilutes the distinctive identification the question seeks.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming that because many fusion processes have pools, all are equally correct; overlooking the key word 'submerged' that is uniquely tied to SAW.

Final Answer:
Submerged arc welding (granular flux covering)