Which statements correctly describe packet switching in data networks?

Introduction / Context:
Packet switching is the foundation of modern networks (e.g., the Internet). It segments data into packets and forwards them independently, exploiting statistical multiplexing and adaptive routing to improve efficiency and resilience.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Networks support addressing of packets to their destinations.
• Routers/switches make per-packet forwarding decisions.
• Trunk links can carry many flows simultaneously.

Concept / Approach:

Three key advantages: (1) alternate routing around failures/congestion, (2) in-network control for reliability and flow management, and (3) cost efficiency by sharing high-capacity trunks among many bursty sources (statistical multiplexing).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Operational Internet behavior (e.g., BGP/IGP reroutes, per-hop CRC/ECN/QoS, and statistical multiplexing on backbone links) exemplifies all three benefits.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Each individual statement is correct; picking only one would ignore the comprehensive nature of packet switching.

None of the above: False because all three are valid.

Common Pitfalls:

Confusing packet switching with circuit switching, which uses fixed dedicated paths and lacks per-packet routing flexibility.

Final Answer:

All of the above