C#.NET — When do exceptions occur? Choose the correct phase.

Introduction / Context:
Exceptions represent abnormal conditions that arise while a program is executing. This question asks you to identify the correct phase where exceptions are thrown and caught.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We focus on the definition of an Exception in .NET.

Concept / Approach:
By definition, exceptions are run-time events. They indicate conditions detected during execution (e.g., invalid cast, divide by zero, out-of-range index, failed I/O), though JIT or loader errors themselves may be surfaced as exceptions when execution starts.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Examples: IndexOutOfRangeException, NullReferenceException occur only while running.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They refer to build or loading phases; exceptions are an execution-time mechanism.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing compile-time errors with exceptions.

Final Answer:
At run-time