Key characteristics of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) Which of the following statements correctly describe EDM as a non-traditional machining process?

Introduction / Context:
Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) removes material by controlled spark discharges between an electrode and a conductive workpiece submerged in a dielectric. It is widely used for tooling, dies, and hard alloys that are difficult to machine conventionally.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Workpiece is electrically conductive (e.g., tool steel, carbides with cobalt binder).
• Appropriate dielectric fluid (e.g., kerosene, deionized water) and pulse generator are used.
• Process parameters are tuned to balance removal rate and finish.

Concept / Approach:
EDM relies on electrical discharges that locally melt and vaporize minute craters; there is no macroscopic cutting force and no mechanical contact. Because hardness does not prevent electrical erosion, EDM readily machines hardened steels and superalloys. With fine finishing pulses and optimized flushing, excellent surface finishes and complex cavities are achievable.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
EDM process descriptions consistently emphasize spark gap control, crater formation, and lack of cutting forces as defining features.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Choosing any single statement alone underrepresents EDM; all listed statements are concurrently true.

Common Pitfalls:
Attempting to EDM non-conductive ceramics; neglecting electrode wear compensation; poor flushing causing arcing and surface damage.

Final Answer:

All of these