Principles of material handling: Which set best reflects widely accepted handling principles?
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AKeep all handling to the minimum (eliminate, combine, simplify, then automate)
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BSelect efficient and appropriate handling equipment for the task
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CMove the heaviest weight the least distance consistent with flow
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DAll of the above
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EFocus only on automation; ignore method improvement
Answer
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation
Introduction / Context:Material handling strongly affects cost, safety, and throughput. Foundational principles emphasise eliminating unnecessary moves, choosing proper equipment, and minimising distances and touches.
Given Data / Assumptions:
- General factory layout with multiple handling alternatives.
- Varied loads (weights, volumes) and paths.
- Goal is lower cost per unit with improved flow.
Concept / Approach:Classical principles include: plan handling; use gravity and shortest paths; minimise handling; standardise methods; select efficient equipment; and match the system to load characteristics and flow requirements.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Eliminate non-value handling → reduce cost and risk.Choose equipment that fits load, distance, and frequency to raise efficiency.Short, direct routes and minimal moves for heavy loads reduce effort and time.Verification / Alternative check:IE references list nearly identical principles under various wordings, all aligning with options (a), (b), and (c).
Why Other Options Are Wrong:(e) Automation is a tool, not a principle; poor methods automated become expensive mistakes.
Common Pitfalls:Automating bad layouts; ignoring ergonomics; underutilising gravity or unit loads.
Final Answer:
All of the above