Synthetic seeds (encapsulated somatic embryos): which statement is NOT true about their practical properties and handling?

Introduction / Context:Synthetic seeds are somatic embryos encapsulated in a protective gel. They aim to combine advantages of micropropagation with seed-like handling. However, their performance differs from botanical seeds, especially for storage longevity and field establishment.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Synthetic seeds are living tissue systems without natural protective seed coats.
• Encapsulation matrices (e.g., alginate) protect and aid handling.
• Viability during storage depends on moisture, temperature, and embryo physiology.

Concept / Approach:True orthodox seeds tolerate drying and long storage at low temperature. Many somatic embryos are recalcitrant by nature, sensitive to drying and freezing, so long-term storage at room conditions is unreliable. Therefore, blanket claims of a full year of storage without loss are not generally accurate without specialized cryopreservation protocols.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:Published work frequently reports decreased germination after weeks to months unless cold, humidity control, or cryogenic methods are used; routine one-year storage is not guaranteed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• B: Handling is indeed easier in lab workflows.
• C: Some species allow direct sowing in optimized substrates.
• D: Hardening is often needed to acclimatize plantlets.
• E: Asepsis is commonly required to prevent microbial loss.

Common Pitfalls:Equating synthetic seeds with orthodox seeds; ignoring species- and protocol-specific variability.

Final Answer:Can be stored for a year without the loss of valuable traits or viability