Identify the non-saturating logic family among TTL, CMOS, and Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL).

Introduction / Context:
Logic family characteristics—such as whether devices operate in saturation—directly affect speed, power, and noise margins. Recognizing which family is non-saturating helps explain why certain technologies excel in high-speed applications.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Families under consideration: TTL (Transistor-Transistor Logic), CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor), and ECL (Emitter-Coupled Logic).
• We treat 'non-saturating' as logic that avoids driving BJTs into deep saturation in normal operation.

Concept / Approach:
ECL uses differential amplifier stages with transistors biased in the active region, switching currents rather than saturating BJTs. This avoids storage delay associated with removing charge from saturated junctions, yielding very high speed. Standard bipolar TTL typically drives BJTs into saturation (except certain Schottky variants which reduce saturation). CMOS uses MOSFETs rather than BJTs; 'saturation' in MOSFET context differs and is not the issue addressed by 'non-saturating' bipolar logic terminology.

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