Common Language Runtime (CLR): which set of responsibilities correctly reflects what CLR provides to managed applications?

Introduction / Context:
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) is the execution engine for .NET applications. It hosts managed code, enforces type and code access safety, and provides essential services that simplify development.

Given Data / Assumptions:
The listed responsibilities are:

• 1) Core services: memory management, thread management, remoting.
• 2) Strict type safety enforcement.
• 3) Code Access Security (CAS) support.
• 4) Garbage Collection services.

Concept / Approach:
All of these are within the CLR’s purview. The GC is part of the CLR; type safety is enforced via metadata and verification; threading and memory management are orchestrated by the runtime; and CAS (in classic .NET Framework) controls permissions for partially trusted code.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Map each item to CLR responsibilities → each item is a match.Therefore, the inclusive answer “All of the above” is correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Platform documentation enumerates these services under the CLR architecture sections (execution engine, GC, verification, security, threading).

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Any subset omits genuine CLR features, making the option incomplete.

Common Pitfalls:
Equating “CLR” with just the GC; in reality, CLR covers execution, metadata, security, exception handling, and more.

Final Answer:
All of the above