When creating a Linux installation boot floppy from an image, which tools are commonly used on Unix/Linux and on DOS/Windows respectively?

Introduction / Context:
Before widespread USB installers, Linux distributions were often booted and installed from floppy disk images. Writing a raw image requires a sector-by-sector copy utility appropriate to the operating system you are using to create the disk.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We have a floppy image file (e.g., boot.img).
• We need to write it exactly, not as a filesystem copy.
• We may be on Unix/Linux or DOS/Windows.

Concept / Approach:

On Unix/Linux, the standard tool is dd to perform a raw write: dd if=boot.img of=/dev/fd0 bs=1440k conv=sync. On DOS/Windows, the classic utility is rawrite (or rawritewin later), designed to write raw images to floppy drives.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Use file and md5sum to verify the source image; after writing, read back with dd if=/dev/fd0 of=readback.img and compare checksums.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• mkboot disk and bootfp disk: not standard utilities.
• ww and rawwrite: 'ww' is not a standard tool for this task.
• None: incorrect because dd and rawrite are correct.

Common Pitfalls:

• Mistyping the output device (e.g., writing to the wrong disk).
• Copying the image file with a filesystem copy instead of a raw write.

Final Answer:

dd and rawrite.